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Acne is most common in adolescents but can occur in both sexes and all ages. Apparently there is a familial tendency to develop acne. Usually begins at puberty and may continue over many years. Three of every four teenagers have acne to some extent, probably caused by hormonal changes that stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce fat. Other hormonal changes, such as those occurring during menstruation or pregnancy, and those produced by the use of pills of birth control or stress also exacerbate acne.

There are two clinical forms: a mild, called polymorphous juvenile acne or acne superficial and more serious, called cystic acne or deep acne conglobata.

Acne occurs when the sebaceous glands that produce fat and empty into the hair follicle itself, generate more secretion of the skin is able to remove by peeling, so that fat plugs are produced in the follicles (comedones ). When the surface of the plug darkens called pimples. By breaking the cap can get dead skin cells with accumulated grease and bacteria form nodules infected area called pustules.

If these infected areas of skin are deep, can expand to form cysts. A sebaceous cyst forms when the sebaceous gland continues to produce fat. Instead of breaking the wall of the follicle, it continues to get bigger and forming a hard lump (known as cyst) under the skin. The cyst is usually not painful unless they become infected. Acne typically appears on the face and shoulders but can be extended to the trunk, arms and legs.

Dirt does not cause acne, but dirt and grease on the face can aggravate the problem. Other factors that increase the possibility of occurrence of acne are hormonal changes, exposure to extreme weather, stress, oily skin, endocrine disorders, certain tumors, and the use of certain medications (such as cortisone, testosterone, estrogen, and other ). Acne is not contagious. The tendency to have acne can persist up to 30 or 40 years.

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